子宫癌

定义

子宫癌 is the growth of 癌症 cells that start in the uterus. The walls of the uterus are made of an inner and outer lining. The endometrium is the inner lining. This is where the most common type of uterine 癌症 begins.

This fact sheet will focus on endometrial 癌症.

子宫癌

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原因

Cancer is the out of control growth of cells. The cells form a clump of tissue called a growth or tumor. Cancer cells can invade nearby tissues. It can then spread to other parts 身体的.

The exact cause of uterine 癌症 is not known. 可能是有联系的 to exposure to the hormone estrogen. Genes and the environment may also play a role.

风险因素

子宫癌 is more common in women over 40 years of age. Other things that may raise the risk are:

• Long term use of estrogens or tamoxifen—in high doses
• Early start of menstrual periods
• 晚些时候 更年期
• History of abnormal cells or polyps in the uterus
• Health problems such as:
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome
  • 肥胖
  • 高血压
  • 糖尿病
  • 甲状腺疾病
  • 胆囊疾病
  • 乳腺癌
• 不孕不育, or never having a pregnancy
• A family history of:
  • 子宫癌
  • Cowden syndrome or Lynch syndrome

症状

问题可能是:

• Bleeding between menstrual periods
• Vaginal bleeding or spotting in postmenopausal women
• Belly bloating or fullness
• 盆腔痛

诊断

The doctor will ask about symptoms and health history. 盆腔 检查就完成了. 测试可能包括:

• Blood tests to look for 癌症 markers
• Ultrasound to view the pelvic area
• 活组织检查—a small tissue sample is taken from the uterus and sent for testing
• 巴氏早期癌变探查试验—to look for problems with the lining of the uterus
• Dilation and curettage (D&C)——删除 samples of uterine tissue for testing
• 子宫镜检查—to view the uterus using a 点燃的范围

子宫癌 is staged from 1 to 4. Stage 1 is a 癌症 that has stayed in one area. Stage 4 is a 癌症 that has spread to other parts 身体的.

治疗

治疗s for uterine 癌症 depend on the stage of the 癌症. Surgery will be done to remove as much of the 癌症 as possible. Surgery to remove the uterus is called 子宫切除术. Nearby tissue, such as ovaries or lymph tissue, may also need to be removed. Other 治疗 may include:

• Radiation therapy— to kill 癌症 cells and shrink tumors
• Hormone therapy—to stop or slow 癌症 growth and spread by changing how 癌症 细胞的工作
• 化疗 by mouth, catheter, or injection—to kill 癌症 cells in 癌症 that has or may have spread to other areas 身体的

预防

The risk of this health problem may be lowered by:

• Exercising regularly
• Reaching or maintaining a healthy weight
• Eating a healthful diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

参考文献

• 子宫内膜癌. American Cancer Society 网站. 可以在: http://www.癌症.org/癌症/endometrial-癌症.html.
• 子宫内膜癌. EBSCO DynaMed 网站. 可以在: http://www.力学.com/condition/endometrial-癌症.
• 子宫内膜癌. Merck Manual Professional Version 网站. 可以在: http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/gynecologic-tumors/endometrial-癌症.
• General information about endometrial 癌症. National Cancer Institute 网站. 可以在: http://www.Cancer Types.gov/types/uterine/patient/endometrial-Treatment-pdq. Accessed March 8, 2021.
• 1/11/2018 DynaMed Systematic Literature Surveillance http://www.力学.com/management/breastfeeding: Jordan SJ, Na R, Johnatty SE, et al. 乳房feeding and endometrial 癌症 risk: an analysis from the epidemiology of 癌症 财团. 比较。Gynecol. 2017;129(6):10599-1067.